| Abstract [eng] |
Pulmonary embolism is a significant cause of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality. It is typically caused by embolised thrombi, originating in the deep veins of the lower extremities or pelvis. Physiological changes during pregnancy significantly increase the risk of pulmonary embolism, particularly in the third trimester and postpartum. Diagnosing this condition remains challenging because of non-specific clinical signs and limitations of certain imaging modalities. However, diagnostic algorithms tailored specifically for pregnant patients are currently being developed. The most important diagnostic tools for pulmonary embolism are computed tomography angiography and lung scintigraphy. Low molecular weight heparin is the first-choice treatment for low and moderate risk embolism. In severe cases, thrombolysis, catheter-based or surgical pulmonary embolectomy may be necessary, but they are associated with significant risks. Thromboembolic prophylaxis is of key importance, especially for women with previous venous thromboembolism or thrombophilia. The effectiveness of non-pharmacological measures in reducing the incidence of long-term complications is still being studied. Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment methods, there remains a need for high-quality research and pregnancy-specific standardised guidelines. |
