| Abstract [eng] |
Justification of the Work Inhalational anesthetics remain important pharmacologic agents used by anesthesiologists to induce general anesthesia. However, there is growing concern about their environmental impact, as these substances have strong greenhouse gas properties. By implementing targeted measures, anesthesiologists can significantly reduce the pollution caused by inhalational anesthetics and thus contribute to addressing the problem of climate change. Aim and Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact of inhalational anesthetics and to explore possible ways to reduce it. Objectives: to assess the importance of sustainability in anesthesiology; to review the properties of inhalational anesthetics that determine their environmental impact; to discuss the harm these substances cause to healthcare professionals working with them; to present sustainable general anesthesia methods; and to examine their implementation in clinical practice. Research Methods A literature review was conducted. Articles were selected from the "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" databases, based on keywords and the relevance of the topics. Guidelines and documents issued by anesthesiology societies were also consulted. Results The literature review revealed that desflurane and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are the most environmentally harmful anesthetics. This is due to their pharmacological properties, atmospheric longevity, and radiative efficiency. In addition, a negative impact on the health of operating room personnel was identified. Eliminating these substances, using low-flow anesthesia, applying total intravenous anesthesia, and implementing gas scavenging systems can reduce environmental impact. The adoption of sustainable practices depends on staff education, engagement, and support from leadership and hospital administration. Conclusions Although inhalational anesthetics account for only 2% of the total carbon footprint of the healthcare system, their impact on climate change is significant. The contribution of anesthesiologists is important in creating sustainable clinical practice. Conscious selection of anesthetic agents, low fresh gas flow, and the application of advanced technologies are key measures in reducing the environmental harm caused by inhalational anesthetics. |
