| Abstract [eng] |
Background: Toxoplasmosis is an illness caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Ocular infection frequently manifests as acute necrotizing retinal chorioretinitis. In the following, a description of a case of ocular toxoplasmosis with retinal chorioretinitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, as well as the review of the pathogen itself and its treatment will be delivered. The optimal treatment remains debated with no strict guidelines. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and current treatment options for ocular toxoplasmosis, emphasizing mainly on the postnatally acquired form of the disease. The second part of the thesis presents a detailed case report illustrating these aspects in a clinical context. Methods: A thorough literature search was performed in the PubMed database. An additional search was made in Elsevier Science Direct and Google Scholar to complete the collected items. In regards of the case report, a retrospective analysis was conducted. Ophthalmological examinations were performed repetitively from 2021-2025. Blood sera were collected and analyzed. Moreover, diagnostic tests were performed, including Toxoplasmosis IgG and avidity, OCT, OCT-Angiography and Fundus Photographs. Results: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic infection that has the ability to infect the whole retina, possibly causing visual impairment up to the total loss of vision; thus, rapid reference to an ophthalmologist and rapid diagnosis and therapy must be implemented to enhance the prognosis, in case of vision-threatening Toxoplasmosis. This narrative literature review has presented the current knowledge and has shown existing gaps, such as the absence of standardized clinical management. The presented descriptive case report highlights the clinical findings, the course of disease, and the clinical management of an adolescent patient with ocular toxoplasmosis. Conclusion: To conclude, in the future, further research is needed to bridge gaps in the current knowledge, like optimal treatment in different groups of patients and drugs with the ability of curative effect. |
