| Abstract [eng] |
Introduction: Polymorbidity is defined as two or more chronic diseases or health conditions occurring simultaneously in the same person. Diabetes mellitus leads to the development of chronic hyperglycaemia, which over time affects multiple organs and contributes to the development of polymorbidity. Polymorbidity has a number of negative consequences: increased mortality, reduced quality of life, increased need for and cost of healthcare services. Literature review: Polymorbidity is also a social problem as it causes functional limitations that reduce the patient's independence. Patients' loss of autonomy is associated with increased social isolation and mood disturbances, which further undermine the quality of life of the patient and relatives. Diabetes mellitus is also associated with the development of polymorbidity, as chronic hyperglycaemia and chronic inflammation contribute to the development of co-morbidities associated with diabetes. It is important to note that polymorbidity can be prevented by modifying key risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. A reduction in body weight is associated with a complete regression of type 2 diabetes and a better prognosis for comorbidities. It is important to take into account comorbidities and the patient's functional and cognitive status when personalising the treatment of polymorbidity and diabetes. These criteria help to avoid treatment complications and to ensure maximum benefit from treatment Conclusions: 1. The most common co-morbidities associated with diabetes are cardiovascular and kidney disease. The most common non-diabetic co-morbidities are chronic lung disease and depression. Pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetes-related comorbidities include endothelial dysfunction due to chronic hyperglycaemia, systemic inflammation. 2. The main risk factors for diabetes mellitus that contribute to the development of comorbidities are obesity, lack of physical activity and unhealthy diet. In order to prevent multimorbidity, it is important to manage diabetes properly, to reduce weight, to increase physical activity, and to eat a healthy, balanced diet. 3. In patients with diabetes and multimorbidity, it is important to assess not only the state of health and glycaemic control, risk factors for hypoglycaemia, but also the type and severity of comorbidities in order to manage all comorbidities appropriately, and to select an individualised target HbA1c based on this. |
