| Abstract [eng] |
Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by disorganized electrical activity in the atria leading to an irregular ventricular response. Atrial fibrillation is associated with significant morbidity, including an increased risk of stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality. While regular physical activity is considered a protective factor against cardiovascular diseases, long-term endurance training has paradoxically been linked to an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation in elite athletes. Managing atrial fibrillation in athletes presents a unique challenge, especially regarding anticoagulation therapy. While anticoagulants effectively reduce stroke risk, they simultaneously increase the risk of bleeding, particularly in contact sports where traumatic injuries are common. However, anticoagulation treatment is the only proven therapy that has been shown to improve the outcome among patients with atrial fibrillation. (1) Current treatment guidelines do not specifically address anticoagulation in athletes with atrial fibrillation, necessitating individualized risk-benefit assessments. This thesis aims to examine the causes, prevalence, and effects of atrial fibrillation in athletes. The principal emphasis lies in analysing the prevailing evidence regarding the utilization of anticoagulation therapy in athletes diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and exploring the challenges related to treatment in the context of sports participation. The main goals were to review the existing guidelines, evaluate the effectiveness and safety of various anticoagulation treatments, and assess how these approaches are tailored to the specific needs of athletic populations. The research method used was a structured literature review. A systematic approach was used to identify, evaluate, and summarize relevant studies published in academic publications. The review focused on articles addressing anticoagulation therapy, atrial fibrillation, and athletes. The review results revealed a lack of consistent treatment strategies for athletes with atrial fibrillation requiring anticoagulation therapy. Most studies and recommendations rely on general population data, with few athlete-specific studies. Direct oral anticoagulants have become the preferred treatment choice due to their ease of use and favorable safety profile. In conclusion, athletes with atrial fibrillation who need anticoagulation treatment require a tailored approach that balances the risk of thromboembolic complications with the bleeding risk that sports might increase. Direct oral anticoagulants offer advantages, but more research is needed to improve treatment and create guidelines for athletes. Engaging in shared decision-making between the athlete and medical team is crucial for safe and effective treatment. |
