| Abstract [eng] |
Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness. It is estimated that approximately 94 million people currently have cataracts. Although this disease is considered a multifactorial condition, one of its main risk factors is older age. Different types of cataracts present with different symptoms; however, it should be noted that typically, cataract formation is a slow and painless process, with progressively worsening vision. The main common complaint among patients is blurred vision and discomfort due to glare from lights. Accurate medical history collection and ophthalmological examination are required for cataract diagnosis. The primary treatment for the disease is surgical, with the most commonly performed procedure being phacoemulsification, an operative method introduced in 1967 by Dr. Charles Kelman. Although the surgery is minimally invasive, both intraoperative and postoperative complications can occur. One of the main intraoperative complications is posterior capsule rupture, which, when it occurs, can lead to vitreous loss. Another complication that can arise during surgery is iris prolapse. Prolapse most commonly occurs in the presence of floppy iris syndrome, which is often associated with the use of tamsulosin, a selective α1-adrenoreceptor antagonist. Descemet's membrane detachment is a common postoperative complication, though there are cases where this complication occurs during surgery as well. The incidence of postoperative complications is around 6%. Early complications include corneal edema, endophthalmitis, and toxic anterior segment syndrome. Late complications include secondary cataract, pseudophakic cystoid macular edema, intraocular lens dislocation, retinal detachment, and dry eye syndrome. This paper presents a review of scientific literature on cataract disease, analyzing the previously mentioned major complications. |
