| Abstract [eng] |
SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze existing correction methods for post-traumatic deformities of long bones in the lower limbs, evaluate their biomechanical basis, clinical effectiveness, indications for use, advantages, disadvantages, as well as potential complications and their management strategies. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review methodology was applied. Data were collected from “PubMed”, “Google Scholar”, and “ScienceDirect” databases, prioritizing the most recent publications (2015–2024). The analysis included clinical studies, case reports, retrospective and prospective studies describing post-traumatic deformities (malunion, nonunion, limb length discrepancy) and their correctional treatment methods (osteotomies, internal and external fixation, limb lengthening technologies, and bone transplantation). Results: The review identified that post-traumatic deformities most commonly manifest as improper fracture healing, limb length discrepancies, and segmental bone defects. Treatment strategies include gradual correction using Ilizarov or Taylor Spatial Frame systems, precise osteotomies, internal fixation with motorized nails (PRECICE, FITBONE), and reconstructive techniques such as the Masquelet method or vascularized grafts. The choice of treatment method depends on the type of deformity, patient age, soft tissue condition, and systemic diseases. The effectiveness of each method was assessed based on correction accuracy, healing time, complication rates, and functional outcomes. Conclusions: The treatment of post-traumatic deformities requires an individualized and biomechanically grounded approach. Although gradual correction with external fixators remains the “gold standard”, increasingly popular single-cut osteotomies and intramedullary nails achieve similar outcomes in shorter timeframes and with reduced patient discomfort. Emphasis should be placed not only on mechanical correction but also on psychological support, as these deformities significantly impair patients’ quality of life. |
