| Abstract [eng] |
Compartment syndrome is a rare but life-threatening orthopedic condition that develops when tissue perfusion pressure drops below the pressure within a closed fascial compartment. The most common causes of acute upper extremity compartment syndrome are fractures of the forearm bones or supracondylar humerus fractures resulting from falls, motor vehicle collisions, or other high-energy trauma mechanisms. In children, the syndrome occurs more frequently in older boys due to increased physical activity and greater muscle mass. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical signs and symptoms, while laboratory and imaging studies are used in cases with diagnostic uncertainty. Decompressive fasciotomy remains the most effective treatment method for this condition. This clinical case describes an acute upper extremity compartment syndrome in a thirteen-year-old boy that developed following trauma and subsequent repositioning and osteosynthesis of both forearm bones. Due to increasing limb pain and progressive swelling, laboratory and imaging studies were performed, leading to the diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome, for which decompressive fasciotomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful; however, residual muscle weakness, reduced range of motion, and postoperative scar formation remained. Aim of the study: To present a clinical case of pediatric acute compartment syndrome of the forearm and to review the scientific literature on its clinical manifestations, diagnostic features, and applied treatment methods. Methods: The clinical case analysis was conducted based on the patient’s medical history, medical records, laboratory and imaging results, and surgical intervention protocols. The literature review was based on peer-reviewed sources published in scientific databases. Conclusions: Upper extremity compartment syndrome in children remains a serious condition requiring prompt diagnosis and urgent surgical treatment to prevent long-term complications. Due to the potential for atypical presentations in the pediatric population, a comprehensive approach is recommended, incorporating both clinical assessment and laboratory evaluations. Decompressive fasciotomy remains the primary treatment method in the pediatric population. |
