| Abstract [eng] |
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the most prevalent symptomatic forms of primary immunodeficiency, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and an inadequate immune response to infections. In addition to recurrent respiratory tract infections, up to 60% of patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms. These manifestations may be either infectious or non-infectious in origin and often mimic inflammatory bowel diseases or celiac disease. The underlying pathophysiology involves immunoglobulin deficiency, T and B cell dysfunction, cytokine imbalance, and alterations in the gut microbiota. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive clinical, immunological, and histopathological evaluation. While immunoglobulin replacement therapy remains the cornerstone of infection prevention, the management of non-infectious gastrointestinal complications is usually symptomatic. In selected cases, immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatment may be effective. Due to the limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal manifestations in CVID, diagnosis, differentiation, and treatment remain significant challenges for both immunologists and gastroenterologists. Further research is needed to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms, identify diagnostic biomarkers, and develop targeted therapeutic strategies. |
