| Abstract [eng] |
Following the idea of intersemiotic translation presented by Roman Jakobson, the paper analyses David Mitchell's novel Cloud Atlas (2004) in the original language and two variations of the novel: Lithuanian translation of the text by Laimantas Jonušis (Debesų atlasas, 2014) and the translation of the novel into the film language (Tykwer, Tom and the Wachowskis, 2012). The paper presents the idea of intersemiotic translation and its interpretation in the works of Umberto Eco and other scholars. Intersemiotic translation is translation from one semiotic system to another. According to Vasso Giannakopoulou, this is a field of research that, on the one hand, can expand the semantic range of the terms “adaptation” and “translation” including broader forms of intersemiotic transfer, on the other hand, it can allow for theoretical research from beyond the boundaries of the discipline. This type of translation reveals the differences in language and the peculiarities of its usage depending on the geographical region, local history and culture. The concepts of domestication and foreignization, which highlight the differences in word meanings in intersemiotic translation, are also particularly useful for understanding the meaning of the translation of the Cloud Atlas into Lithuanian language. Based on this idea, in the Lithuanian Cloud Atlas the translation of archaisms, naming places, terms, naming persons, insertions of other languages, intertextual references and the newspeak are analyzed. Further, aspects of the film's narrative construction, intertextual connections and the depiction of a person on the basis of age, race and gender are intersemiotically interpreted. The intertextual dialogue that develops between the three analyzed texts allows to distinguish specific and common texts and highlight general issues related to translation. The translation tactics (domestication and foreignization) and the intersemiotic result in the Lithuanian text depend particularly strongly on the period depicted in the story. Levels, aspects and elements important in the work allow to draw conclusions about the benefits of an intersemiotic approach to translation, the problems of translating a highly inventive novel into the Lithuanian language and the peculiarities and relationship of the three texts. Some of the chosen translation methods show that the Lithuanian language has been influenced by Russian language and is tightly connected with the traditional lexicon, therefore it is quite difficult to bring the Lithuanian language and culture closer to codes of English-speaking culture. However, it also becomes apparent that the traditional forms of the Lithuanian language themselves contain resources for renewal and creation of derived meanings. At the same time, the material transformed in the film suggests other meanings than in the novel, and the place in the novel highlighted by intertextual connection in the adaptation and paratextual connection in the translation into Lithuanian illuminates a specific place in the novel and the themes conveyed therein. |
