| Keywords [eng] |
Cervical spinal cord injury, Tetraplegia, Respiratory dysfunction, Neuroplasticity, Respiratory therapy, Functional electrical stimulation (FES), Pulmonary complications in cervical spinal cord injury, Non-invasive neuromodulation ; Respiratory muscle training ; Spinal rehabilitation. |
| Abstract [eng] |
Cervical spinal cord injury (CSci) is a drastic neurological condition that causes impairment in the autonomic nervous system in the motor and sensory level. The most common complication which is a life-threatening in (CSci) or tetraplegia patient takes place in the respiratory system and the reason behind is the loss of voluntary control of both accessory muscles and diaphragm, this dysfunctions results in decline in the lungs capacity, inability to cough properly and inadequate ability to clear the mucous in the airways efficiently, as well as, the accumulation of these secretions, these issues will lead to respiratory complications in the respiratory system such as pulmonary infections, atelectasis and other sleep-disordered breathing. This thesis will go through the mechanisms underlying respiratory disfunction in cervical spinal cord injuries patients and will concentrate on complications, pathophysiology, therapeutic interventions and combine those interventions if needed. Some of those issues discussed in this study were Pneumonia, atelectasis and sleep disorders. It will explain risk factors, diagnostic approaches and treatments strategies. Studies have addressed that respiratory muscle training enhances pulmonary function, specifically in subacute and chronic injury phases, additionally, game-based respiratory rehabilitation devices and tools have demonstrated a huge gain by promoting engagement, inspiratory and expiratory strength and improvement of physiological well-being state overall. Innovative procedures such as transcutaneous electrical spinal cord neuromodulation (TESCon) have demonstrated effective result and outcomes regarding voluntary breathing and cough capability. This literature review will highlight effective rehabilitation strategies by reviewing current literature and recent advances in this regard which can improve respiratory function and improve the overall quality of life if tetraplegia populations. It will give a solid view about the early intervention role to prevent unpleasant long-term complication. |
