| Abstract [eng] |
The possession, distribution, and use of illegal psychoactive substances is widespread in the public spaces of Vilnius and on the internet. A significant number of cases related to the possession or distribution of illegal substances are recorded in Lithuania. According to the 2023 Police Activity Report, the number of these offenses has been increasing in recent years, with the majority of recorded cases related to possession of illegal substances without the intent to distribute. These offenses are difficult to detect and observe, as individuals who distribute or possess illegal substances tend to choose methods that are convenient and safe for them, aiming to attract as little public attention as possible. The possession, distribution, and use of substances in Vilnius public spaces is a phenomenon that is hard to notice, as individuals opt for secluded places (such as cars or private residences) or very open areas with heavy foot traffic and limited or no security, making it difficult to observe ongoing transactions. Such exchanges may involve a simple handshake or the drop-off of substances at a prearranged location (contactless). This study aims to identify the main methods of possession and the public spaces (locations) in Vilnius where these activities take place. It was revealed that the main site for the distribution of substances used to be the Roma settlement. After its dismantlement, cases of substance possession have been recorded in all city districts, with the Naujininkai district showing the highest number of incidents related to this illegal activity. Specific locations with the highest concentrations include the bus and train stations, clubs, bars, and correctional facilities, with shopping centers increasingly standing out. All of these locations are characterized by a high flow of people and (or) weak security. Several key city locations (most frequently marked on the IRD criminal activity map) were identified after the dismantling of the Roma settlement: M. Katkaus Street near building no. 5; Rasų Street near building no. 8; and T. Ševčenkos Street between buildings no. 16 C and 19, Meistrų Street near building no. 11., Servečės Street near the woods. This criminal activity can be interpreted through the lens of rational choice theory, as case files show that the vast majority (92%) of defendants use illegal psychoactive substances. The choice of locations (hotspots) can be explained using crime pattern theory and routine activity theory. |
