| Abstract [eng] |
This dissertation investigates human exposure to traffic-related particulate pollution through an integrated assessment of non-exhaust microplastics and exhaust-derived black carbon in urban environments. Seasonally and spatially resolved field campaigns demonstrated that fragment-shaped microplastics within the inhalable size fraction dominate non-exhaust emissions at roadside hotspots, with polymer signatures strongly associated with tire-wear particles, underscoring the persistence of anthropogenic contaminants in the urban atmosphere. The research provides the first empirical evidence in Northern Europe of the capacity of urban green infrastructure to function as a biofilter for airborne microplastics, showing that a Thuja occidentalis hedge significantly enhanced atmospheric deposition and removal efficiency, thereby reducing inhalation risk at breathing height. Personal exposure assessments, employing portable monitoring and deposition modeling, revealed that commuting microenvironments are the most critical exposure pathway, disproportionately contributing to particulate and black carbon deposition in the alveolar region of the lungs, despite the short duration of travel. Although mechanically ventilated office environments lowered exposure levels, infiltration of fine particles continued to be a measurable source. The dissertation highlights the combined importance of exhaust and non-exhaust sources in shaping urban exposure risks and underscores the potential of green infrastructure as a practical mitigation strategy. The findings contribute new evidence on emerging urban pollutants and provide a scientific basis for advancing air-quality management and public health protection. |
