| Abstract [eng] |
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant long-term health consequences, including respiratory system impairment, immune system dysregulation, and deterioration of health-related quality of life. Despite numerous international studies, prospective research comprehensively evaluating the long-term consequences of COVID-19 pneumonia remains limited in Lithuania. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the respiratory system and health-related quality of life, as well as to identify potential immunological prognostic factors. A 12-month prospective study was conducted to evaluate the dynamics of pulmonary function parameters and radiological lung changes in patients who had recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia. Immunological parameters (lymphocyte subpopulations, immunoglobulins, and complement system components) and changes in health-related quality of life using the SF-36 questionnaire were also analysed. The findings revealed that a proportion of patients continued to exhibit pulmonary function impairment and persistent radiological lung abnormalities one year after COVID-19 pneumonia. Immunological analyses indicated prolonged immune system dysregulation. Assessment of health-related quality of life demonstrated significant improvement in both physical and mental health domains during the follow-up period; however, symptoms characteristic of post-COVID syndrome persisted in some patients. The results expand current knowledge on the pathogenesis of post-COVID syndrome and allow the identification of higher-risk patient groups, which may be important for planning long-term care and rehabilitation strategies for individuals recovering from COVID-19. |
