| Abstract [eng] |
The dissertation analyses the characteristics of body mass, body composition and metabolism in adults, as well as their associations. The amount and distribution of fat and lean body mass are linked to changes in lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as inflammatory and oxidative stress processes. Special attention is paid to both obesity and underweight, especially in cases of anorexia nervosa. The aim of the study was to assess metabolic activity indicators and their interrelationships in individuals with different body mass and composition. A cross-sectional study included 192 participants aged 18 to 49 years, of whom 24 were women with anorexia nervosa. Body composition was assessed using the DXA method, metabolic activity was evaluated using lipid, glucose, insulin indicators, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and the fatty acid composition of platelet membranes. Gender, age, lifestyle and psychoemotional factors were analysed. It was found that with increasing body mass, fat mass increases disproportionately, especially in central body regions, and this is associated with adverse metabolic changes, including dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and increased cardiometabolic risk. In women with anorexia nervosa, significant changes in body composition and minor metabolic changes were observed, indicating possible processes of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The findings support the importance of a comprehensive assessment of body composition and biochemical markers for individualized metabolic risk assessment and prevention. |
