| Abstract [eng] |
The aim of this thesis is to review scientific literature on mechanical intestinal obstruction and its etiology, to present and describe the most common causes, prevalence, diagnostic methods, and treatment options, and to introduce a series of clinical cases on this topic. Objectives were to analyze the scientific literature on mechanical intestinal obstruction, defining its etiology and prevalence. To review the principles of diagnosis and treatment of mechanical intestinal obstruction. To present a series of clinical cases using a descriptive approach. Methods used for the literature review were the following: main databases used were „PubMed“, „UpTpDate“ and „Google Scholar“. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 52 relevant publications were selected for the literature review. „Zotero“ reference management software was used for article selection, review and citation. Clinical cases were described after obtaining written patient consent. Results of the literature review revealed the main causes of mechanical intestinal obstruction, including postoperative adhesions, hernias, and neoplastic processes. The analyzed clinical cases confirmed the importance of early diagnosis and individualized treatment strategies described in the literature. Conclusions were the following: the etiology of mechanical intestinal obstruction is diverse and closely related to the site of obstruction, as well as the patient‘s medical and personal history. The most common causes of small bowel obstruction are postoperative adhesions and hernias, while large bowel obstruction is most often caused by neoplastic processes. Intestinal obstruction presents with non-specific symptoms that are insufficient in clinical practice to determine the exact cause of obstruction. Diagnosis of mechanical intestinal obstruction is based on imaging studies. Early identification of the etiological facto ris essential for selecting the most appropriate treatment strategy and reducing the risk of life-threatening complications. The presented clinical cases confirmed the findings of the literature and emphasized the importance of an individualized diagnostic and treatment approach. |
