| Abstract [eng] |
This master’s thesis analyses the challenges posed by digital sovereignty to the protection of human rights in the context of European Union and international law. The aim – is to examine the concept of digital sovereignty, assess its potential for strengthening human rights and identify the risks it poses. The thesis is based on an analysis of EU legislation, international human rights standards, case law, and “soft law” documents. The first part examines the concept of digital sovereignty and its evolution from the classical territorial understanding of sovereignty to the contemporary regulation of the digital environment. The cases of various states on the regulation of the digital space are briefly analysed to identify the EU model. The second part examines the role of digital sovereignty in strengthening the protection of human rights. It is established that human rights apply in the digital space, and their further interpretation takes place through judicial practice. EU regulation ensures control over personal data and strengthens trust in the digital environment. Furthermore, the EU standards have an impact beyond the Union’s borders. The third section analyses the threats to human rights posed by digital sovereignty. Noted, that implementing digital sovereignty, the line between permissible restrictions on rights and mass surveillance practices may blur, and the focus may shift toward technological development rather than the protection of individual rights. Concluded, that the main threats arise not from the pursuit of digital sovereignty itself, but from the methods used to implement it. In summary, digital sovereignty is a dual phenomenon, the impact of which on human rights depends on the nature of the legal mechanisms applied. Effective protection of human rights is possible if legal safeguards are strengthened, the principle of proportionality is observed, and regulations focused on the protection of human rights are developed. |
