| Abstract [eng] |
This master’s thesis explores the inseparable link between the principle of the rule of law and human rights, as well as the importance of protecting the rights of vulnerable groups in a modern state governed by the rule of law, where equality and non-discrimination are upheld through legal doctrine. The concept of vulnerable groups is then examined through the social perspective found in legal doctrine, which analyzes the factors that lead to such individuals being considered vulnerable. The legal perspective is revealed through international human rights instruments: specifically, conventions dedicated to vulnerable individuals or other well-known legal acts that indirectly establish the rights of such individuals. This paper analyzes the legal status of persons with disabilities and the accommodations provided for such individuals by the European Court of Human Rights. By comparing cases, the paper analyzes the European Court of Human Rights’ case law in the following areas: the right to accessibility and reasonable accommodation, the treatment of persons with disabilities by state institutions, legal proceedings, and social and health protection for persons with disabilities. Later in the paper, two examples of situational vulnerability are examined – international standards for the protection of the rights of the elderly and women are outlined, and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights is analyzed in areas where the most violations are observed. There are not many cases concerning the rights of the elderly, and the largest number of cases is in the area of retirement pensions. There are more cases dealing with women’s rights. The greatest challenges are observed in the areas of domestic violence and reproductive rights. An analysis of the cases allows for conclusions to be drawn regarding the state’s obligation to take into account the vulnerability of individuals, to differentiate procedures, to establish appropriate regulations, and, most importantly, to conduct effective investigations into violations. This ensures equality and builds trust in the legal system, which are essential elements of the rule of law. The final chapter examines the implementation of international standards in Lithuania and cases brought against Lithuania by the aforementioned vulnerable groups. This analysis led to the conclusion that Lithuania recognizes vulnerability and responds to rights violations by adopting new legislation or amending existing laws. |
