| Abstract [eng] |
Relevance of the problem: Jaw cysts are pathological cavities that develop in the jaw bones or surrounding soft tissues, most commonly lined by epithelium and filled with fluid or semi-fluid content. Knowledge of the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and radiological characteristics of these lesions is important for both oral and maxillofacial surgeons and dental practitioners, as timely and accurate diagnosis enables appropriate treatment selection and reduces the risk of possible complications. Aim of the study: To identify jaw cysts on panoramic radiographs, determine their size and localization within the jaws, and compare their distribution across different age and sex groups. Objectives of the study: To evaluate the distribution of jaw cysts according to patients age and sex; to determine the distribution of jaw cysts according to diagnoses from the standardized disease classification; to assess the treatment of jaw cysts according to treatment setting, number of visits, length of hospitalization, and frequency of rehospitalization; and to identify the radiological features of jaw cysts on panoramic radiographs and evaluate their associations with cyst type. Methods: A retrospective study was performed using the data archive of Vilnius University Hospital Žalgiris Clinic from 2018 to 2023. Data were collected on patients treated for jaw cysts, including diagnosis and demographic characteristics. Panoramic radiographs were analyzed, and cyst size, localization, root resorption, and their relationship with diagnosis were assessed. Data collection and statistical analysis were performed using IBM SPSS (version 27.0) and Microsoft Office Excel. Results were considered statistically significant when the p value was less than 0.05. Results: The study included 2,044 patients. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 89 years, with a median of 48 years. Most jaw cysts were identified in the 50–59-year (n = 460), 40–49-year (n = 424), and 30–39-year (n = 383) age groups. Jaw cysts were diagnosed more frequently in men than in women (n = 1,095 and n = 949, respectively). The most common ICD-10-AM diagnosis was radicular cyst (K04.8), accounting for 65% of all cases (n = 1,328). The second most frequent diagnosis was other jaw cysts (K09.2; n=567), followed by odontogenic cysts of developmental origin (K09.0; n = 107). Most patients were treated on an outpatient basis (62.7%, n = 1,282), while 37.3% (n = 762) were treated in hospital; the median length of inpatient treatment was 3 days. A total of 34 patients were rehospitalized. For radiological analysis, 1,240 of 1,373 orthopantomograms were included, in which 1,285 cysts were identified. Cyst localization by jaw and segment differed significantly between diagnostic groups: 67% of radicular cysts were located in the maxilla, whereas 67% of odontogenic cysts of developmental origin and 58% of other jaw cysts were located in the mandible. Cyst sizes ranged from 4 mm to 78 mm, with an overall median size of 18.0 mm. Tooth root resorption was identified in 90 cases and was recorded only in the radicular cyst and other jaw cyst groups. Conclusions: Jaw cysts were diagnosed more frequently in men. Most cases were recorded in patients aged 30–59 years. Radicular cyst was the predominant diagnosis. Most patients were treated on an outpatient basis. The mean annual number of visits was approximately 415 per year. The median length of hospitalization was 3 days. Rehospitalizations were rare. Radicular cysts predominated in the anterior region of the maxilla, whereas odontogenic cysts of developmental origin and other jaw cysts were found in the mandible. Small and medium-sized cysts constituted the majority of cases. Root resorption was identified only in a proportion of cases (7%). |
