| Abstract [eng] |
Relevance of the problem and aim of the work: Schizophrenic spectrum disorders (SSD) are chronic mental illnesses associated with poorer general and oral health. Patients with SSD often experience inadequate oral hygiene, limited access to healthcare services, and adverse effects of psychotropic medications, all of which may increase the risk of periodontal diseases. However, periodontal health in this patient group remains insufficiently investigated in Lithuania. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare oral and periodontal health indicators in patients with SSD and a healthy control group. Material and methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted including 61 participants: 30 patients with SSD and 31 individuals in the control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire and clinical dental examination. Sociodemographic characteristics, health-risk behaviors, medication use, and oral hygiene practices were assessed. Clinical parameters included plaque index (O’Leary), bleeding on interdental brushing (BOB), probing pocket depth (PPD), and caries experience (DMFT index). Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney U, chi-square, Spearman correlation), with a significance level of p < 0,05. Results: Patients with SSD demonstrated significantly poorer oral and periodontal health outcomes compared to the control group. The case group showed higher plaque accumulation, increased gingival bleeding, and a greater number of deep periodontal pockets (p < 0,01). Additionally, a significantly higher number of caries-affected teeth was observed in the SSD group (p < 0,001). These patients also exhibited poorer oral hygiene behaviors, including less frequent tooth brushing (≥ 2 times per day) and lower use of interdental cleaning aids (p < 0,01). Furthermore, smoking and xerostomia associated with psychotropic medication use were significantly more prevalent in the SSD group (p < 0,001). Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders have significantly poorer oral and periodontal health compared to healthy individuals. These differences are influenced by a complex interaction of behavioural, biological, and pharmacological factors. The findings highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, targeted preventive strategies, and early detection of periodontal diseases in this vulnerable population. |
