| Abstract [eng] |
The relevance of the problem and the aim of the work. Greater porosity of retrograde filling material reduces mechanical resistance, increases the risk of disintegration, and leads to microleakage. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the porosity of type I, IV, and V hydraulic calcium silicate (HCS) retrograde root canal fillings using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in vitro. Materials and methods. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee for Scientific Research of the Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University (protocol No. 2025-06-11 (1.7 E) 150000-KT-454). A total of 30 single-rooted teeth with fully formed apices and a single type I canal (according to Weine), were selected. The root canals were chemomechanically prepared and filled using the single-cone technique. Following a 3 mm apical root resection and 3 mm retrograde cavity preparation, the samples were randomly allocated into three groups. Type I hydraulic calcium silicate (HCS) cement, ProRoot® MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA), was used in group 1, a type IV material, Biodentine® XP (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France), in group 2, and a type V material, TotalFill BC RRM™ Fast Set Putty (FKG, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), in group 3. The specimens were scanned using a micro-CT scanner SkyScan 1273 (Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). Porosity was assessed by analyzing a 2 mm segment of the retrograde filling using CTAn v.1.25 software. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 26.0 using Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. ProRoot® MTA (0.12 ± 0.18%) showed lower mean closed pore volume compared with Biodentine® XP and TotalFill BC RRM™ Fast Set Putty (0.16 ± 0.25% and 0.36 ± 0.68%, respectively), however, these differences were not significant (p = 0.168). Biodentine® XP group demonstrated statistically significant lower values of open and total porosity (5.53 ± 7% and 5.66 ± 7.10%, respectively) compared with ProRoot® MTA (16.49 ± 4.07%, 16.59 ± 4.08%) and TotalFill BC RRM™ Fast Set Putty (16.7 ± 6.24%, 16.98 ± 6.51%) groups, p ≤ 0.004. Conclusions. The closed pore volume of type I, IV and V HCS cements did not differ significantly, however, Biodentine® XP demonstrated statistically significant lower open and total porosity values, as assessed by micro-CT in vitro. The obtained results suggest that Biodentine® XP may be associated with reduced microleakage of retrograde filling material, although the clinical relevance of these differences should be confirmed in further in vivo studies. |
