| Keywords [eng] |
EN: Melanoma, SK-MEL-28, skin cancer, liposomal lactoferrin, lactoferrin powder, lactoferrin, oxidative stress, ROS, cell proliferation, CCK-8, cell migration, scratch assay LT: Melanoma, SK-MEL-28, odos vėžys, liposominis laktoferinas, laktoferino milteliai, laktoferinas, oksidacinis stresas, ROS, ląstelių proliferacija, CCK-8, ląstelės migracija |
| Abstract [eng] |
Aim: To evaluate and compare the effects of different forms and concentrations of lactoferrin on melanoma SK-MEL-28 cells in vitro. Objectives: 1. To evaluate the effect of lactoferrin powder on cell proliferation, oxidative stress and cell migration on melanoma cells in vitro. 2. To evaluate the effect of liposomal lactoferrin on cell proliferation, oxidative stress and cell migration on melanoma cells in vitro. 3. To compare the effects of lactoferrin powder and liposomal lactoferrin on cell proliferation, oxidative stress and cell migration on melanoma cells in vitro. Methods: Human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cells were cultured in supplemented medium and divided into 7 experimental groups: control, three different lactoferrin powder (LP) concentrations and three different liposomal lactoferrin (LL) concentrations. Experimental groups were tested for cell proliferation by using the CCK-8 assay, oxidative stress was evaluated by fluorometry and cell migration was measured by using scratch assay. All experiments were repeated three times. Gathered data was analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel and the R statistical software. The differences between groups were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA test. When statistically significant differences were detected, Tukey’s HSD post hoc test was applied to determine differences between the groups. Results were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results: After 72 hours, both LP and LL significantly reduced cell proliferation compared to the control group. LP reduced cell proliferation by 27% (p < 0.001), 21% (p = 0.001) and 48% (p < 0.001) at concentrations of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 µM, respectively, while LL decreased proliferation by 54%, 36% and 56% at the same concentrations (all p < 0.001). Also, LL reduced cell proliferation more effectively than LP at 1.0 µM and 2.5 µM by 27% (p < 0.001) and 15% (p = 0.007), respectively. After 72 hours, oxidative stress was significantly reduced only by LL at 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 µM by 57%, 58% and 65%, respectively, compared to the control group (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, after 72 hours LP significantly decreased cell migration by 60%, 88% and 84% (all p < 0.001) at concentrations of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 µM, respectively, while LL reduced migration by 84%, 74% and 85% at the same concentrations (all p < 0.001). Nonetheless, when compared at equivalent concentrations, LP at 2.5 µM significantly decreased cell migration by 14% (p = 0.048), whereas LL at 1.0 µM reduced migration by 24% (p = 0.001). Conclusions: 1. Lactoferrin powder, at all tested concentrations, significantly reduced cell proliferation and cell migration, but not in oxidative stress. With the highest concentration of lactoferrin powder reduced proliferation by 48% and migration by 84% in melanoma cells in vitro, compared to the control group. 2. Liposomal lactoferrin, at all tested concentrations, significantly decreased cell proliferation, oxidative stress and cell migration. With the highest concentration of liposomal lactoferrin reduced proliferation by 56%, oxidative stress by 65% and migration by 85% in melanoma cells in vitro, compared to the control group. 3. Liposomal lactoferrin significantly reduced cell proliferation by 27% at 1.0 µM and by 15% at 2.5 µM compared to lactoferrin powder. In contrast, lactoferrin powder significantly inhibited cell migration at 2.5 µM by 14%, whereas liposomal lactoferrin was more effective at 1.0 µM significantly reduced migration by 24% compared to lactoferrin powder. No statistically significant effect on oxidative stress was observed between the different forms of lactoferrin in melanoma cells in vitro. |
