| Abstract [eng] |
Background. Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. However, the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women attending healthcare institutions. Objectives: 1) To evaluate 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in postmenopausal women attending healthcare institutions. 2) To determine bone mineral density status in postmenopausal women. 3) To assess the associations between other clinical factors and bone density parameters. Materials and methods. Data of 192 postmenopausal women from a hospital clinical database were analyzed. The age of the participants was 50–64 years. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests (including 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ionized calcium, lipids, creatinine, glucose concentrations) were evaluated. Bone mineral density was analyzed both in the total hip region and in the lumbar (L1–L4) spine, determined by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. Descriptive analysis, comparison of participant groups, correlation analysis, and statistical regression models were applied for data analysis. Results. In the study group, the median 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was about 44 nmol/L. Only 4% of postmenopausal women had sufficient vitamin D levels (≥75 nmol/L), whereas mild vitamin D insufficiency (50–75 nmol/L) was observed in 33% of participants, moderate insufficiency (25–50 nmol/L) in 58%, and vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) in 5%. Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 3% of women, osteopenia in 26%, and normal bone mineral density in 71% of participants. Statistical analysis did not reveal a significant association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and bone mineral density in the hip and lumbar regions (p > 0.05). Multivariable linear regression models revealed that older age was associated with lower, and higher body mass index with higher bone density in both studied anatomical locations (p < 0.05). In addition, these models showed that type 2 diabetes was associated with higher bone density in the hip region, while smoking was associated with lower bone density in the lumbar region (p < 0.05). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, similar trends were observed: smoking was associated with higher odds, while higher body mass index was associated with lower odds of having low bone mineral density (osteopenia or osteoporosis) (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Hypovitaminosis D is common among postmenopausal women attending healthcare institutions. However, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was not significantly associated with bone mineral density in either the hip or lumbar regions (p > 0.05). Statistically significant associations were found between bone mineral density and the following factors: smoking, age, body mass index, and type 2 diabetes (p < 0.05). |
