| Abstract [eng] |
Background. Hip dysplasia is a structural developmental disorder of the hip joint characterized by insufficient coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum, leading to increased joint instability and mechanical load. If untreated, hip dysplasia may result in early development of osteoarthritis and the need for total hip arthroplasty. One of the main surgical treatment methods is periacetabular osteotomy, which improves femoral head coverage and significantly delays the need for arthroplasty. The diagnosis of hip dysplasia is based on a combination of clinical and radiological findings. The most important radiological parameters include the lateral center–edge angle, acetabular index (Tönnis angle), and Sharp angle, which allow assessment of femoral head coverage and acetabular orientation. Evaluation of these radiological parameters is essential both for diagnosing hip dysplasia and for assessing the effectiveness of periacetabular osteotomy. However, the significance of their changes in clinical practice remains relevant and requires further analysis. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate changes in hip joint radiological parameters before and after periacetabular osteotomy, based on literature data and the analysis of clinical cases, in order to determine their significance in diagnosing hip dysplasia and assessing surgical treatment outcomes. Methods. To achieve the aim of this study, a literature review and analysis of three clinical cases were performed. Clinical data and imaging studies were evaluated, including measurements of the lateral center–edge angle and acetabular index before and after surgery. Results. The literature review showed that important diagnostic thresholds for hip dysplasia include: lateral center–edge angle <20° indicating dysplasia, 20–25° borderline dysplasia, and >25° normal; an acetabular index >14° associated with hip instability; and a Sharp angle >47° indicating dysplastic acetabular morphology. Following periacetabular osteotomy, significant improvements in these parameters were observed, with the lateral center–edge angle increasing by approximately 16.3–25.4° and the acetabular index decreasing from approximately 13–14° preoperatively to around 0° or negative values postoperatively. Conclusions. Radiological changes are associated with clinical improvement and confirm that periacetabular osteotomy is an effective treatment method that corrects acetabular orientation, improves hip joint biomechanics, and achieves favorable clinical and radiological outcomes. |
