| Abstract [eng] |
Aim: The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the causes, diagnostic approaches and management strategies of secondary immunodeficiencies in patients, focusing on antibody deficiency, immunoglobulin replacement therapy and preventive strategies in adult patients. Methods: An extended literature review was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases. Articles published within the last ten years were selected using keywords such as secondary immunodeficiency, secondary antibody deficiency,hypogammaglobulinemia, and immunosuppressive therapy. Results: The literature that has been reviewed shows that secondary immunodeficiencies are much more common than primary immunodeficiencies and are mainly associated with hematological malignancies and modern immunosuppressive therapies. The key mechanisms leading to high vulnerability to infections are hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired antibody function. Diagnostic testing includes immunoglobulin level assessment and functional antibody testing. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is the main treatment for patients with severe hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. Conclusions: Secondary immunodeficiencies are an important and increasing clinical challenge. It is important to recognize early and do appropriate management to reduce complications and improve patient quality of life. |
