| Abstract [eng] |
Title: Stereotactic radiosurgery in oncology Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) are advanced radiation therapy techniques that enable the highly precise delivery of large doses of ionizing radiation to tumor tissues while minimizing radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues and organs at risk. With ongoing advances in imaging, patient immobilization, and radiation treatment planning technologies, these modalities are becoming an increasingly important component of oncological treatment for both intracranial and extracranial tumors. Purpose: To analyze modern applications of stereotactic radiation therapy, its clinical effectiveness and validity based on dosimetric plans in the treatment of brain, lung and bone cancer. Tasks: To present the main technologies and equipment used for the application of stereotactic radiotherapy; to review the indications for radiation therapy in the treatment of brain, lung, and bone tumors used worldwide and in Lithuania and to compare these indications with other oncological treatment modalities; and to analyze the most common acute and late treatment-related adverse effects associated with the use of stereotactic radiotherapy. Methods: This study comprises a narrative review of scientific literature and an analysis of selected clinical cases from the National Cancer Center. In addition, data from international clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, and clinical trials are examined. Literature sources were selected based on their methodological quality and relevance to this topic. Results: The use of stereotactic radiotherapy in cancer treatment provides high rates of local disease control, shorter treatment duration, and a lower risk of late treatment-related adverse effects. However, in certain clinical situations, the application of stereotactic radiotherapy remains limited and requires further clinical investigation. Conclusions: The information found in the latest clinical literature supports safe and effective application of stereotactic radiosurgery for brain, lung, spine, bone tumors and metastases, following dosimetric plans validated in clinical trials. |
