| Abstract [eng] |
Introduction. According to the World Health Organization, approximately one in six couples experience infertility during their lifetime, accounting for about 15–17% of the reproductive-age population worldwide. Uterine infertility is a condition in which a woman is unable to conceive due to the absence of the uterus or impairment of its function. Uterus transplantation is a novel treatment method that provides this group of patients with the opportunity to have biological offspring. Aim of the study. To analyze scientific literature examining uterus transplantation as a treatment method for absolute uterine factor infertility, including its application features, patient selection principles, and clinical outcomes. Methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 56 full-text articles in English, published between 2015 and 2025, were included in the analysis. The selected sources consisted of clinical trials and case series (n = 22), systematic and narrative reviews (n = 14), clinical reviews and methodological articles (n = 10), ethics and policy analysis publications (n = 5), and official documents and statistical sources (n = 5). Results. The causes of uterine factor infertility may be congenital, such as Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, or acquired, including adenomyosis, endometriosis, intrauterine adhesions (including Asherman syndrome), uterine fibroids, as well as endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia and endometrial cancer. Patient selection is based on strict medical and psychosocial criteria, including evaluation of overall health status, reproductive potential, comorbidities, and the ability to comply with long-term treatment. The success rate of uterus transplantation is approximately 70–75%, with the main risk factors being vascular anastomosis complications and immunosuppression. By 2024, around 130 transplantations had been performed, resulting in more than 70 live births. The clinical pregnancy rate after embryo transfer is approximately 36%. The most common complications include preeclampsia, infections, and vaginal strictures, the latter occurring in up to 70% of patients. Conclusions. Uterus transplantation is an experimental method used in the treatment of uterine factor infertility. The success of the procedure depends on patient selection and surgical factors, while the main risks are associated with vascular complications and immunosuppression. Despite promising results, further research is necessary to evaluate its safety and effectiveness. |
