| Abstract [eng] |
This thesis analyzes changes in the energy dependencies of European Union member states – Lithuania, Hungary, and Germany – following Russia’s large-scale war against Ukraine, which began in 2022. The aim of the study is to explain the factors that determine these countries’ decisions regarding the strengthening of their energy relations with the United States. Analyzing the period from 2021 to 2026, this study applies the theory of interdependence, supplemented by a neorealist approach to threat perception and the concept of energy security as a dimension of national security. To test the hypothesis, a comparative analysis is conducted, evaluating the structure of energy dependence on Russia, the costs of transformation, the perception of the Russian threat, and the significance of the United States as a security guarantor. This analysis allows to determine how the interaction of these factors shaped the different directions of energy policy in Lithuania, Hungary, and Germany after 2022. |
