| Abstract [eng] |
Watermilfoils (Myriophyllum L.) are a species-rich genus of polymorphic aquatic plants, which are found worldwide. They are characterized by their phenotypic plasticity, local adaptation, and interspecific hybridization. These biological traits lead to a broader ecological amplitude and allow rapid spread into new ecological niches. Although the genus has an undeniable role in aquatic ecosystems, genetic research of Myriophyllum populations in Lithuania remains limited. The lack of studies raises several problems, since human activity and climate change can contribute to sudden changes in ecosystem stability, increased hybridization or the decline in native species. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the genetic and epigenetic diversity of ten Myriophyllum sp. populations growing in Lithuanian water bodies. By using ISSR markers and sequencing of nuclear and chloroplast DNA regions, moderate within-population genetic diversity and high levels of among-population differentiation were detected in the studied populations. The observed differentiation may have been caused by limited gene flow and geographical isolation. The most frequently detected species were Myriophyllum spicatum, M. sibiricum and M. verticillatum, possible hybrids were also identified. When comparing different water body types, the highest genetic diversity was observed in lake populations, however the ELISA analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in DNA methylation levels between the different types. Such findings may require further research, which would contribute to a better understanding of watermilfoil distribution and their impact on aquatic ecosystems. |
