| Abstract [eng] |
Acrylate and methacrylate monomers have wide applications in nail cosmetics, dentistry, and medical devices and are well documented as strong etiological agents of allergic contact dermatitis mediated by a type IV hypersensitivity mechanism. The purpose of this narrative review was to compile the latest scientific information concerning the immunopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, epidemiology, and treatment of acrylate-induced allergic contact dermatitis, especially focusing on occupational, consumer, and medical device aspects. Four databases were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2024, with preference for data obtained from multi-center surveillance patch test networks. The current literature suggests a transition of sensitization profile from classical occupational settings where sensitization mostly occurred among dental professionals and nail technicians to consumer groups using home gel nail kits and people wearing continuous glucose monitoring system devices. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is found to be the most common sensitizing agent and best screening marker with a positivity rate above 90% among sensitized subjects, while isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), having no structural relation to methacrylates, requires individual testing and represents the main allergen causing device-related allergic contact dermatitis. All epidemiologic data are available only for clinic-based patch test samples, and all prevalence numbers can be considered minimum estimates. It is important to use a proper patch test, including the entire acrylate series with mandatory reading at Day 7. Proper curing of acrylic substances, adequate personal protective equipment, and better allergen monitoring after marketing are crucial for preventive measures. |
