| Abstract [eng] |
Aim of the study: To summarize the latest knowledge on textile-induced contact dermatitis, with an emphasis on etiological factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention. Methods: this study is a descriptive literature review based on a targeted and structured search of the scientific literature. The literature search was conducted electronically using the international databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Appropriate filters, English-language keywords, and their combinations with the Boolean operators AND and OR were applied during the search. The following keywords were used: “textile dermatitis,” “textile allergy,” “allergic contact dermatitis,” “disperse dyes,” “textile dyes,” “formaldehyde resins,” and “patch testing.” Scientific articles published between 2015 and 2026 were included in the literature analysis if they addressed textile-induced allergic contact dermatitis, its etiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and the most relevant allergens. The review included original research articles, systematic literature reviews, case reports, and other publications directly related to the topic under investigation. Articles addressing dermatitis unrelated to textiles, non-allergic skin diseases, duplicate publications, as well as sources whose full text was unavailable or whose content did not sufficiently correspond to the study topic, were excluded. In exceptional cases, selected older sources were also included when they were of historical or classical significance, as well as in cases where more recent primary clinical data on the issue under investigation were limited. Based on the selected keywords and inclusion criteria, 60 of the most relevant publications were included in the literature review. Zotero software was used for bibliography management Results: The literature analysis demonstrated that textile-induced allergic contact dermatitis is most often caused not by the fabric itself, but by chemical substances used in textile manufacturing, dyeing, finishing, and care. The most frequently reported and clinically most relevant allergens were disperse dyes, particularly azo compounds, whereas the significance of formaldehyde-releasing resins has declined in recent years. Metals, biocides, and other chemical sensitizers are discussed less frequently in the literature, but remain clinically relevant. It was also found that the spectrum of textile allergens may be broader than that currently covered by standard patch test series; therefore, diagnosis should be comprehensive and, when necessary, supplemented by a more extensive evaluation of textile allergens. Textile-induced allergic contact dermatitis most commonly presents with eczematous lesions in areas of clothing contact and perspiration, and its clinical presentation may mimic atopic dermatitis or irritant contact dermatitis. Conclusions: 1.Textile-induced allergic contact dermatitis is most commonly caused not by the fabric itself, but by chemical substances used in textile manufacturing, dyeing, and finishing. 2.The most significant textile allergens are disperse dyes, and the spectrum of contemporary textile allergens is broader than that typically covered by standard diagnostic testing. 3.The diagnosis of textile-induced allergic contact dermatitis should be comprehensive and, when necessary, supplemented by a broader evaluation of textile allergens as well as assessment of the patient’s own clothing. 4.Textile-induced allergic contact dermatitis often mimics other eczematous dermatoses; therefore, its recognition requires a high index of clinical suspicion, a thorough medical history, and patch testing. 5.Prevention is primarily based on allergen avoidance, patient education, and the selection of safer textile products. |
