| Abstract [eng] |
Aim: To assess the relationship between uric acid and hyperglycemia based on the analysis of data from patients with metabolic syndrome. Objectives: 1. To evaluate the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with metabolic syndrome. 2. To describe the relationship between uric acid and hyperglycemia in a cohort of patients with metabolic syndrome. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing anonymized data from 569 patients with metabolic syndrome. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 31.0. The distribution of quantitative variables was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test; parametric and non-parametric tests were applied for group comparisons, while correlations and regression analyses were used to assess associations. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. The literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles published between 2016 and 2026 were included. Results: The majority of participants had fasting glucose levels (77.9%) and HbA1c (65%) within impaired tolerance or diabetes range. Hyperuricemia was present in 35% of participants. Most patients had increased waist circumference (81.9%), elevated blood pressure (85.9%), increased blood glucose, elevated triglycerides (51.7%), and decreased HDL cholesterol (66.6%). No significant association was found between uric acid concentration and fasting glucose in any subgroup. HbA1c and uric acid were negatively correlated in the overall cohort (ρ = – 0.097; p = 0.020); univariate regression indicated that a 1% increase in HbA1c was associated with an approximate 15 µmol/L decrease in uric acid in the overall cohort and in men. Multivariate regression showed that HbA1c s ignificantly predicted uric acid levels in the overall cohort (B = – 25.87; p < 0.001), in men (B = – 25.31; p = 0.029), and in women (B = – 23.20; p = 0.012). The presence of diabetes was associated with higher uric acid (~ 21.9 µmol/L; p = 0.026) in women, but no significant association was observed in men or in the overall cohort. Multivariate regression demonstrated that diabetes independently predicted uric acid levels in the overall cohort (B = –24.84; p = 0.006) and in women (B = – 23.21; p = 0.034). Conclusions: Uric acid may reflect certain glycemic parameters and the presence of diabetes in the overall cohort and by sex. Fasting glucose levels were not significantly associated with uric acid concentrations in most studies, whereas HbA1c was consistently and independently associated with changes in uric acid levels in the opposite direction. The association between diabetes and uric acid was sex-specific and influenced by other metabolic factors, particularly in female populations. Most sociodemographic variables were not significantly associated with uric acid. |
