| Abstract [eng] |
The issue of sports participation, opportunities, and the assurance of equal opportunities for persons with disabilities has been receiving increasing attention for a long time. According to Valintėlienė et al. (2012), both the European Union and Lithuania have consistently identified insufficient physical activity among the population in long-term studies. This situation is influenced by the rapid development of technology and its integration into everyday life. As living comfort increases, people gradually lose the need for daily physical activity. As noted by the World Health Organization, “insufficient physical activity is one of the leading risk factors for health across all age groups” (World Health Organization, 2022). When analyzing the situation over several decades, it can be observed that some progress has been made. Nevertheless, scientific literature indicates that persons with disabilities still experience various social and structural barriers within sports systems. Alcaraz-Rodríguez et al. (2022) state that this social group, referred to as persons with disabilities, continues to face obstacles to participation in sports. Although progress is evident, Lithuanian athletes with disabilities still do not receive the same conditions as athletes in some other European Union countries. Analyzing the research data of Valintėlienė et al. (2012), the main attention is directed toward the least physically active population groups. These groups are often socially vulnerable; therefore, the need for support is greater. Programs must be long-term and targeted toward specific groups in order to be implemented effectively. Other authors, Norgailas and Masiliauskas (2020), emphasize specific characteristics of disability, particularly mobility impairment. The authors indicate that this group of individuals faces motivational and structural barriers, which strongly influence physical activity participation. According to the authors, in order to create effective physical activity programs, it is essential to identify the determinants that hinder the involvement of persons with disabilities in sports. Considering the research conducted by Valintėlienė et al. (2012), it is relevant to analyze the participation of individuals with mobility impairments in physical activity, as effective programs can only be developed by identifying the factors that promote or limit these individuals’ involvement in sports (Norgailas & Masiliauskas, 2020). Understanding the mechanisms of motivation and barriers is essential for ensuring long-term and productive participation in physical activity. This topic has been examined by many Lithuanian researchers who emphasize the social and structural factors determining the involvement of persons with mobility impairments in sports activities (Grajauskas, 2008; Grajauskas & Čepulėnas, 2009; Razmaitė & Grajauskas, 2012; Sabaliauskas & Poteliūnienė, 2010; Kavaliauskas & Vaitkevičius, 2013). Thus, scientific literature highlights that physical disability is not the only barrier; appropriately adapted programs can effectively promote inclusion and ensure equal opportunities for participation in sports activities. Research object: persons with physical disabilities aged 18 years and older living in the Šiauliai region and using sports club, rehabilitation, or physical activity services. Research aim: to evaluate the intensity of physical activity among persons with physical disabilities, their psychosocial health self-assessment, attitudes toward disability, and the accessibility of sports clubs, rehabilitation, and other related services. |
