| Abstract [eng] |
With the rapid development of biotechnology, tissue engineering, gene therapy and cell therapy all counts are confronted with specific and individual medical tasks for treatments. Therefore, for several decades a lot of attention has been focused on stem cell research: ways of obtaining it, isolation, and adaptation to clinical applications. Human stem cells have unique properties: self-renewal and differentiation into different types of tissue cells, and therefore they are most widely used and used for scientific, clinical research or treatment: immune system, tissue regeneration, cartilage, genetically inherited diseases, etc. As known peripheral blood stem cells have been successfully applied to therapy for some time and are being further explored. It is also known that stem cells can be successfully isolated from the adipose tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp and amniotic fluid, so researchers and clinicians aim to find the most easily accessible cell sources and treatable cells and more "younger" and more naive, because the quality of the cells depends on the individual, his age for further medical purposes. Amniotic fluid for many years have been used only for prenatal genetic testing to assess the fetal condition, but the wider possibilities and benefits of amniotic fluid have been noticed, especially for amniotic fluid stem cells, which are embryonic like and have more advantages because they are derived from non-embryos, are genetically stable, without somatic mutations, retain the potentials of differentiation that determines their use in regenerative medicine without causing ethical and moral problems. The characteristics of AF cells are quite extensively investigated and described, but not much in different fetus anamnesis. One of the most important properties is their ability to differentiate into the tissues of all three germplasm strains, and they do not have the tendency for spontaneous differentiation and do not form teratomas and meet the full profile of multipotent stem cells. The potential of stem cell is clear, but little detail and more extensive research has been done on fetal developmental pathologies. Collaboration with gynaecologists and geneticists of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos provided the opportunity to receive biological material in various pregnancy conditions and to carry out protein analysis of amniotic fluid (AF), to determine the characteristics of isolated stem cells and to improve the cell isolation protocol with very small volumes of the biological material. The thesis presents the evaluation of stem cell proliferation features and differentiation possibilities, the proteomic profile of differentiated cells in different directions, identification of protein characteristics of amniotic fluid in different fetal anamnesis. The composition and differences of proteins found in AF and evaluates their potential biologic biomarkers, use in prenatal diagnostics. The aim of the study is to perform proteomic analysis of amniotic fluid and amniotic fluid stem cells, to determine characteristics of amniotic fluid stem cells in fetus-affected and normal pregnancies and to evaluate the potential use of the research in the clinical practice. |
