| Title |
Insights in the application of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric titanium oxides for the design of sensors for the determination of gases and VOCs (TiO2−x and TinO2n−1 vs. TiO2) / |
| Authors |
Ramanavičius, Simonas ; Ramanavičius, Arūnas |
| DOI |
10.3390/s20236833 |
| Full Text |
|
| Is Part of |
Sensors.. Basel : MDPI AG. 2020, vol. 20, iss. 23, art. no. 6833, p. 1-18.. ISSN 1424-8220 |
| Keywords [eng] |
titanium dioxide (TiO2) ; non-stoichiometric titanium oxide (TiOn or TiO2−x) ; Magnéli phases (TinO2n−1) ; gas and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors ; nanomaterials |
| Abstract [eng] |
In this review article, attention is paid towards the formation of various nanostructured stoichiometric titanium dioxide (TiO2), non-stoichiometric titanium oxide (TiO2−x) and Magnéli phase (TinO2n−1)-based layers, which are suitable for the application in gas and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors. Some aspects related to variation of sensitivity and selectivity of titanium oxide-based sensors are critically overviewed and discussed. The most promising titanium oxide-based hetero- and nano-structures are outlined. Recent research and many recently available reviews on TiO2-based sensors and some TiO2 synthesis methods are discussed. Some promising directions for the development of TiO2-based sensors, especially those that are capable to operate at relatively low temperatures, are outlined. The applicability of non-stoichiometric titanium oxides in the development of gas and VOC sensors is foreseen and transitions between various titanium oxide states are discussed. The presence of non-stoichiometric titanium oxide and Magnéli phase (TinO2n−1)-based layers in ‘self-heating’ sensors is predicted, and the advantages and limitations of ‘self-heating’ gas and VOC sensors, based on TiO2 and TiO2−x/TiO2 heterostructures, are discussed. |
| Published |
Basel : MDPI AG |
| Type |
Journal article |
| Language |
English |
| Publication date |
2020 |
| CC license |
|
