| Abstract [eng] |
Energy production is the main environmental pollutants which are causing global warming and pollution of our planet. For this reason, it is important to switch to renewable energy sources as quick and cheap as possible. However clean energy production has been growing rapidly in recent times, but its cost is higher than nuclear or fossil fuel power plants. After a thorough review of the literature, a cheaper alternative is an electrostatic generator, which does not require rare metals, expensive materials, and its operation is cheap. After analyzing the physical phenomena occurring in electrostatic generators, it has been observed that the power generated by the device in the constant voltage regime is higher electric power than the constant charge regime, but due to the imperfection of the electrical circuit, the power often becomes lower. The use of a particular mode depends on the range of capacitor capacitance variation: if the capacitance varies more than twice, then it is worth using a constant voltage regime. This is due to the fact that under constant charge, the voltage increases as the capacitance changes, which can lead to an electrical discharge in the dielectric and this can damage the generator. To find out the capacitance of a spiral capacitor, firsty eccentric cylindrical capacitor with two dielectric layers is analyzed, a capacitance equation is obtained, which is compared with the data of digital simulation created by the FEM. The discrepancies in the results are less than 1.75 % which are caused by the curvature of the electric field lines not taken into account in the analytical expression, which distorts the results increasing eccentricity. Using the equation of the capacity of an eccentric cylindrical capacitor, an approximation of a multi-cylinder capacitor is created and it was observed that as the number of windings (cylinders) increases, the capacitance mismatch decreases to 0.018 %, because the more cylinders, the smaller the distances between the electrodes and the electric field lines become straighter. Based on the multi-cylinder capacitance equation, the capacity of the spiral capacitor is obtained and its capacitance varies in the range of 85.77 - 91.77 nF, and the discrepancy does not reach 0.7 %, the reason for mismatch is asymmetry of the spiral structure. The electronics developed for this capacitor make it possible to calculate the change in its capacitance by directly measuring the voltage in the resistor, but when the frequency of 1 $ Hz is reached, the voltage amplitude does not increase due to the high resistance. The average power is 16.8 μW, the instantaneous power is 90 μW, which can be increased by selecting the optimal resistance. When the resistor in the circuit is changed to a load device, an electrostatic generator is obtained. |
