| Abstract [eng] |
The high possibilities of population mobility characteristic of these times, especially in the European Union, lead to migration processes. On the one hand, it is an opportunity for a person, as an individual, to look for himself, study or find a better-paid job abroad, or perhaps a country with more suitable climate for living. On the other hand, such mobility of people determines the migration processes with which each country within its territory have to manage itself. Immigrants' place in the labor market, working conditions and well-being depend both on the policies of the country of arrival and on the employer they work for. As the number of immigrants in Lithuania has been growing for several years in a row, ensuring suitable, good conditions for working immigrants is becoming more and more important. A dual labor market prevails in Lithuania, which means that foreigners coming to work often end up in the secondary labor market - one with fewer guarantees, insecure and unstable. In Lithuania, a list of missing professions is published, according to which foreigners can come to work, or immigrants can choose a job position at their own discretion. This master's thesis will examine the working conditions and well-being of immigrants in the secondary labor market in Lithuania. Problem of the research: what are the working conditions and well-being of immigrants in the secondary labor market in Lithuania? Object of the research: working conditions and well-being of immigrants in the secondary labor market in Lithuania. Methodology of the research: Analysis of scientific literature on migration, migration theories, immigrants, migration policy, labor market segmentation, immigrant working conditions and subjective well-being; in order to find out the flows of immigrants arriving in Lithuania retrospectively and to analyze the workplaces of the arrivals, a secondary analysis of the data of the European Migration Network (EMT) was carried out; analyzing the working conditions and well-being of migrants, a secondary data analysis of the Eurostat Migrant Integration Statistics was performed; in order to find out the requirements for incoming immigrants, a document analysis was performed (the data is analyzed by distinguishing 4 topics: visa; residence permit for citizens of third countries; work permit; marriage with a foreigner in Lithuania); in order to find out the working conditions and well-being of immigrants in the secondary labor market in Lithuania, individual semi-structured informal interviews were conducted and then the data were analyzed with Maxqda program. Results: 1. There is no unified definition of migration, and there are many migration theories. 2. In Lithuania, the procedure for migration documents is long-lasting and quite complicated, and it costs a lot. 3. In Lithuania, the employment of migrants from third countries exceeds the EU average, but the health indicators make us think about the country's health protection policy. 4. With the emergence of political instability, the number of immigration will only increase, as well as due to demographic changes - low birth rate and rapid aging of the population, therefore it is important to ensure a safe labor market with suitable working conditions. 5. There are still a lot of immigrants who apply for legal assistance due to violations of labor law, which means that not all workplaces have good working conditions, but due to changes in the law and the lack of workers in the market, the situation is improving, especially the efforts of large business enterprises that dedicate individual employees for the integration of immigrants in the workplace. 6. When communicating with lawyers, only they indicate the existing poor working conditions: wages not paid on time, unaccounted working hours, heavy physical workload. 7. Immigrants' subjective well-being is harmed by employers' violations of labor law. |
