| Abstract [eng] |
The concept of the schizophrenic discourse is closely related with the context of madness and artistic creation where madness is actualised not as a medical, but as a social and art criticism category. Discourses, folded by a romantic-pathetic illness, are investigated by schizoanalysis the main principle of which states that a text must be analysed not as a phenomenon of consciousness, but as the one of language. The discourses originated in such artistic space are endowed with irrationality, fictitiousness, fragment narrative, the technique of depiction of stream of consciousness. Diversity of different styles, sub-texts, blend of cultural codes and languages create a text without initial meaning, break common artistic conventions and remind of schizomanipulation with reader’s consciousness. The following features are characteristic to schizophrenia: inconsistence of associations, autism, duality of senses, various hallucinations; these predetermine major themes of the schizophrenic discourse: imagination about transformations of one’s body, mysterious powers making impact on one’s brains, confusion of the past and present and even pure emptiness or chaos. Literary theory terms related with the notion of schizophrenia usually are linked with the aesthetics of the epoch of postmodernism. However, psychoanalytical ideas by S. Freud, C. G. Jung made influence on features of poetics of a modernist novel as well: irrationality, fragment narrative, intertextuality. Depiction of the sub-consciousness content is inseparable from associations – one of the major distinctive features of the schizophrenic discourse. Therefore, the principles of schizoanalysis can be applied in analysis of such literary pieces. The object of the work is the variants of the schizophrenic discourse in modern and postmodern prose. These are the following objectives of the work: to analyse major peculiarities of the schizophrenic discourse in different periods and to compare expression of the discourse. The schizophrenic discourse discloses strange and interesting layers of human consciousness. All the pieces analysed encompass an interesting literary form, stylistic, compositional and thematic looseness. Such a discourse balances on the boundary between the truth and lie, seriousness and laughter. Similar is the purpose of the stories, too – deconstruction of external world, social norms and prejudice, competing ideologies and religious norms. In the pieces analysed, despite essential differences between modernism and postmodernism, i.e. incompatibility of attitude towards art and an artist, the conception of style, aesthetical meanings, the schizophrenic discourse has much in contact: fragmentary character, intertextuality, tendency to collage, disregard of canons. |
