| Abstract [eng] |
The theoretical analysis of cognition, social interaction, behavioral peculiarities, developement and self-developement of autistic children has been conducted in the course of this thesis. As this thesis aims to reveal the developmental dynamics of the autistic child in early and preschool age as thoroughly as possible, the narrative strategy was applied to a specific case. In the empirical part of the thesis the child‘s development is being described since the confirmation of the autism dzagnosis till the current condition. All changes were screened using psychological, pedagogical and medical approaches. The educational programme for the austistic child is presented and aims to develop the backward areas of the child: language understanding, speech building, social interaction skills, self-independance, manual-motor skills etc. By applying the narrative strategy we wanted to ascertain the changes in infancy and preschool age when the support was given by Child‘s Development Centre workers, by additional training at child‘s home and also to observe how parent‘s involvement influenced child‘s developmental dynamics. Analysis of a specific case using the narrative strategy revealed that the eye contact was strengthened and social seclusion was decreased by nurturing the game skills. Imitation of social situations based on games formed the correct behavioural models in various situations. The structarization of activity and enviroment, use of visual aids helped to acquire planning skills and weakened senses of anxiety and tension. Landharten art therapy method was successfully applied and helped to decrease unreasonable fears. Welch therapy method helped the girl to cope with agression, self-agression, hysteria. Intensive and individual nurturing of cognitive abilities as well as impressive and expressive language laid basis for interaction skills, language conception and constituted conditions for the girl with autism to overcome diffidence, shyness, to acquire new skills and adapt them during her independent activities. Destructive behaviour was changed by using psichological means and the girl successfully adapted to typically developing children‘s group. Medical treatment was also used and beneficially conditioned psychological and pedagogical impact. Medicines, detoxic means, massages were effective and helped to reduce anxiety, sleep disorders, increased sensibility, exhorted processes of neurological activities. The early rise of nurturing, individually adapted methods that changed behaviour and development of the child, systematic and intensive education of individual areas as well as parent‘s involvement reduced symptoms of austism and enabled the girl to prepare for studies at general comprehensive school for typically developing children. |
