| Abstract [eng] |
End of the Cold War marks a critical point in the UN peacekeeping operations, when entire peacekeeping doctrine was suddenly shaken up by the change in the international order. Missions started to become more extensive, more active, and were sent to intra-state conflicts instead of the previous diplomacy-based peacekeeping approach, where peacekeeping missions were sent mostly to situations where peace agreement was already in place, and both parties of conflict were UN member states. Public expectations were rising as well, and after multiple failed attempts to protect civilians in missions between 1994 and 1995, multiple reforms were made to make UN peacekeeping more effective, and responsive to the needs of civilians in a host country. Yet it is unclear how exactly reforms have changed the UN peacekeeping doctrine, and whether the changes in doctrine have resulted in relevant changes in UN peacekeeping practices. Hence the aim of the thesis – to analyze the impact of reforms to the doctrine and the peacekeeping practice. Human Security approach was chosen as a basis for analysis for its commonalities with modern peacekeeping, and it was used as a perspective, through which multiple documents released by UN Secretariat, named by the UN as most important to its peacekeeping reforms, as well as documents relating to UN peacekeeping missions in Haiti from 1993 to 2019 were examined. Results have shown that three separate periods for peacekeeping missions can be distinguished according to the reforms – Idealistic, Norm creating and norm operationalizing. These loosely correlate both chronologically and thematically to three distinctive periods in UN peacekeeping missions in Haiti, first of which include multiple missions from 1993 to 2001, second one includes UN operations from 2004 to approximately 2012, and the third one includes UN peacekeeping period from 2012 until the end of UN peacekeeping presence in Haiti in 2019. This shows that there is a strong connection between reforms, doctrine and practice in UN peacekeeping. |
