| Abstract [eng] |
This master's thesis examines both national and international legal regulation that regulates the employment and work of persons under 18 years of age. Persons under the age of 18, also known as minors, are divided into two groups according to age - persons aged 14-15 are considered children, while persons aged 16-18 are called teenagers. This division of persons is also significant for the legal regulation, which sets specific rules for each age group. The main goal of the legal regulation is to create favorable and appropriate working conditions for minor workers as well. On the other hand, legal regulation must at the same time ensure that children and adolescents can study and acquire a quality general education until they reach the age of 18. Therefore, the legal regulation must provide for measures that would promote the need for lifelong learning and create a vocational training procedure that would enable every young person wishing to work to acquire a competitive qualification in the labor market. These goals can be achieved by improving the legal regulation of labor relations. It should be noted that, given the physical and mental characteristics of minors, there are a number of restrictions and various safeguards in place to protect them. However, overly strict, inconvenient legal regulation for the parties to the employment contract can promote a negative effect - illegal work. On the other hand, a comparison of the previous legal regulation shows that it becomes freer, abandoning excessive restrictions that make it more difficult for minors to find employment, as it is not favorable for employers to employ such an employee. It should also be emphasized that the current legal framework is strongly influenced by international commitments, which set minimum thresholds that cannot be exceeded. In the international community, child labor is still a problem. Even in the case of international legal regulation, which clearly defines the minimum thresholds that each state should strive to comply with, it can be observed that legal regulation alone is not enough for it to become operational, and a common interaction of other sciences and instruments is needed. |
