| Abstract [eng] |
This work aimed to tackle some problems of communication sciences that were suggested to be counted as key ones, such as several different and distant communication paradigms, heaps of limited communication theories, fragmented study field in communication sciences, slow progress of communication sciences. But the general problem of communication sciences is suggested to be the absence of a single and unified understanding of communication as such in communication sciences. The work is pointed to the search of a unified conception of communication in communication sciences. The hypotheses of the work suggests that Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory gives you a unifying conception of communication in communication sciences. To prove that the author of this work analyzed the application of Luhmann’s systems theory to communication sciences. Doing that he analyzed the conception of communication in today’s communication sciences, as well as the Luhmann’s systems theory as an object, and the aspects of the application of Luhmann’s systems theory to communication sciences. Lastly, Luhmann’s systems theory was valued critically. The analysis of Luhmann’s systems theory showed that this theory has a twofold relevance to communication sciences. Firstly, coping with core problems of communication sciences Luhmann’s systems theory suggests a new conception of communication. According to Luhmann, communication could be described as a social system formed in the process of interaction of psychic systems using information, uttering and understanding as communication acts. This conception of communication covers a lot of subjects of certain fields in other sciences, such as biology, philosophy, sociology etc, which deal with communication as such, too. This shows why Luhmann’s conception of communication can be seen as a unifying conception of communication in communication sciences. Secondly, Luhmann’s systems theory can be used in communication sciences for practical reasons, such as for analysing communicative situations, solving communicative problems, foreseeing communicative events etc. Among these practical reasons are also those of the theory ‘understanding’ itself. In the context of communication sciences Luhmann’s systems theory stresses the role of so-called mass media system in society. According to Luhmann, mass media system is a functional social system which has a certain function in society, i.e. to inform the members of society about all the recent events in its environment. Being an autopoietic system mass media system does inform the society with the latest news, but forming a so-called second order reality, a reality which sometimes doesn’t correspond to the real word. This understanding of mass media as a certain social system is similar to traditional understanding of the media. The difference between these two lies in the core problems of communication sciences and Luhmann’s systems theory relevance to communication sciences: solving some key problems of communication sciences Luhmann’s systems theory reconsiders the conception of communication and suggests a new more truthful understanding of communication. Therefore the Luhmann’s mass media system and understanding of the media in this way gives new insights into it, as well as helps solve communicative problems and foresee communicative events more accurately. Since Luhmann’s systems theory is so ‘wide spread’ in understanding communication as such and since it unifies all the communication paradigms and theories, as well as being of a high-level abstraction theory, it can be also called a unifying communication paradigm. This work can have some benefit for communication students, lecturers, and scientists of this kind. Key words: problems in communication sciences, communication theory, communication philosophy, conceptions of communication, Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory, psychic and social systems, media, evolution of communication. (Abridged). |
