| Abstract [eng] |
The formulation of theme in this paper is followed the assumption that a part of projects of modern philosophy were generated as a reaction to the tradition of Western Europe thinking, which was influenced by philosophy. That is the reason why coherent criticism of history of philosophy, in the same time giving the perception guides of philosophy, is considered as a concurrent attribute of that project existence. Existentialism of the 20th century is considered as such radical movement of philosophy. Two philosophical figures were chosen from this general context: Rosenzweig and Heidegger. Both thinkers made critical reflections on history of philosophy and both give the alternative projects of thinking. The fundamental reasking of „prime thought assumptions” is considered as an important aspect of main criticism of Western tradition and the formulation of new thinking. After this performed reasking and disassociation from “metaphysics of thought”, Rosenzweig creates new approaches to the faith theme. Using the prophenomenon perception of Johan Wolfgang Geothe and his teachers, Herman Cohen’s ideas about diferencial mathematics theory, he presents description of three prophenomenon (metaphysical God, metalogical world and metaethical man). The comparison of consequence’s structure of metaethical man with prime assumptions of “new thought” (this definition Rosenzweig attributes to his own philosophy) leads to description of dialogical (Zwiesprache) revelational (Offenbarung) structure of consciousness. The prime reality of God, world and man, in their unity, opens just to the revelational consciousness. According to Rosenzweig philosophy has the only one purpose that is the creation of revelational Truth in the love relationship with someone akin. In the same way the mission of God’s coming into the world and rally of Jewish and Christian communities is realized. Heidegger’s Critique of Western Thought is broader. Taking into account that we have chosen the late philosophy of this author, marking the new – metaphysical thought, prime assumptions and also the metaphysical description of this thinking are represented in the horizon, where the phenomenon of nihilism appears. So here the new perception of metaphysical thought as Ek-sistenz descriptive philosophy, shows up. The conception that unite the aims of analysis of methaphysical thought with the core of nihilism theme (Nothing as a “lack of meaning” theme) is called “the topology of nihilism” (Topologie des Nihilismus). This conceptual derivation is most important point in the analysis of Heideggers’s philosophy. When the match between the (nihilism) topo-logy and (nihilism) meta-physics is pointed out, also the prime assumptions of metaphysical thought emerge. As examples of this kind of thought two representatives of “the active nihilism” are marked: Friedrich Nietzsche and Ernst Jünger. The main point of the new metaphysic is responsibility (Verantwortung / aition). Etymologic analysis of this word descries the status of metaphysical description as a responsible description. The analysis of these two authors is based on pointing out the similar thinking possibilities and by showing the different suggested perceptions of philosophy: the future philosopher of Rosenzweig – the figure that realizes the mission of God by dialogue, while for Heidegger it’s a poet (metaphysician) that is “singing” the meaning by his thinking and doesn’t let the Western culture go into “oblivion of being”. |
