| Abstract [eng] |
According to the French ethnologist, Daniel Fabre, a historic monument is one of the most obvious manifestations that landed itself to maintaining historicism throughout Western Europe in recent centuries. Today this idea becomes object of theoretical debates. The main purpose of this work is to study and evaluate the modern theoretical debate, when heterogenic concept ,,heritage” is universally accepted and set in, about genesis of historic monument idea, development and the crisis. Also, it is necessarily to go deep into opportunity of actualization and new alternatives. There are two perspectives of inquiring the genesis of historic monument. The works on the traditional progressive perspective tend to present a classic image of historic monument, i.e. a his¬toric monument is exhibited as an idea of modernity, with big attention to juridical aspects. One of the most substantial contemporary scientists representing the classic conception is André Chastel, Françoise Choay, Dominique Poulot. As an alternative to this monoperspective theory emerges an innovative interpretation of the modernism of historic mo¬nument developed by contemporary French ethnologists and anthropologists - Daniel Fabre, Jean-Michel Leniaud, Olivier Poisson. This work presents and analyses dif¬ferent visions of the development of his¬toric monument. It aims at attempting to reflect the presented positions and to evaluate the possibilities and challenges of a presumable multi-perspective model. The paradigmical crisis of historic monument analyzed in this work from ideological, monumentality and crisis of the historical value dimensions. The measure of this crisis is taken in comparison with heritage conception, which goes away of gnoseology borders and becomes overly heterogenic. This work aims at attempting to go deeper in to possibilities of actualization of historic monument and the alternatives. As the basic alternative emerges an innovative Pierre Nora ,,Realms of Memory” conception. The third part of this work includes analysis of historic monument conception in soviet Lithuania. The frame of reference was determined of entrenchment historic monument as juridical category. This research evaluates the distinction between soviet and Western Europe concepts of historic monument and dynamic of that mutation. Analyzing the list of soviet monument, the main question of that part in this work is the ideological role of historic monument as the tool of political power legitimation. Studying relation between official policy of historic monuments and latentical factors, which determined the survival of some important for Lithuanian history monuments, the basic goal is to put special emphasis on relations with more or less ideologized monuments, with reference to interviews of heritage personnel and archival data. In final touches the work takes notice on Independent Lithuanian tendencies, considering did the establishment of the new concepts qualitatively determined the changes of the earlier concept of historic monument. |
