| Abstract [eng] |
Epidemiological Patterns of Yersiniosis and Assessment of Risk Factors: Case Control Study in Vilnius County. Protection of public health from zoonoses directly or indirectly transmitted by animals to humans is of utmost importance. Y. enterocolitica is widely spread in the environment and animal populations, which poses a threat for people to get infected with yersiniosis. Objective. To assess epidemiologic patterns and risk factors of yersiniosis in the case-control study in Vilnius County. Survey tasks. To assess relevance of yersiniosis in a group of intestinal tract infections transmissible through food and water in Lithuania and the European Union; to identify epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in Lithuania and Vilnius County in a period of 2005-2015; to assess risk factors and their prevalence in Vilnius County in the period concerned. Methods. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted. The data of Division for Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases of Vilnius Public Health Centre, the Centre for Communicable Diseases and AIDS, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the European Food Safety Authority, and the Statistics Department of Lithuania have been used. A model of broken-stick regression (segmented regression), Fisher’s exact test, the Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were applied for the analysis. Two types of study, namely an ecological study and a case-control study, were used for assessment of risk factors of yersiniosis. Linear, polynomial, and multiple logistic regressions were applied. Results. A long-term dynamics of yersiniosis morbidity rate in Vilnius city and Lithuania exhibits significant changes in the general trend: in 2005-2009 the morbidity rate was increasing, and in 2009-2015 the morbidity rate of yersiniosis was decreasing. The decreasing trend was characteristic of Vilnius County in the period of 2005-2015. The morbidity structure in terms of gender differs: men were at a higher risk to contract yersiniosis than women (Vilnius County had RR=1.50, 95 % CI 1.27; 1.81; Lithuania had RR=1.99, 95 % CI 1.13; 1.28). The main risk group for yersiniosis consists of children of 0-3 years of age. During the analysed period, hospitalised yersiniosis cases constituted 57.3 percent in Vilnius County, and 69.2 percent in Lithuania. An inverse correlation was established between the vegetable intake and yersiniosis morbidity rate in 2007-2015 in different states of the European Union (Pearson’s r=-0.58; p=0.01). An increased risk to contract yersiniosis may be related to consumption of pork and its products (adjusted OR=3.65), raw fish (adjusted OR=5.57), and seafood (adjusted OR=2.03). Conclusions. The observed epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in the analysed period may be associated with intake of certain risky foods, ensuring of safety of their placing on the market, and certain changes in the epidemiologic supervision system. Despite the decreasing trend in its morbidity rates, yersiniosis remains a critical problem of public health, especially among children. |
