| Abstract [eng] |
The sociologists of Lithuanian literature say that IX and X decades of the last century are very important to Lithuanian poetry as then the new author’s attitude was born – poets began representing cold and repulsive surroundings in their creations. They included the images of violence which became the everyday occurrence in our society of that time. Poetry was changing together with political, economical and social life in our state. Two poets of those generations wrote poems which have characteristics of that particular period. The object of the presented work is G. Patackas’ selection of poems “Jazmino žiedas vakarą prakalbina” („The Jasmine Blossom is Making an Approach to the Evening“) and two collections of poems by V. Gedgaudas – “Vakaras be žiburio” (“An Evening without the Light”) and “Kapsulė” (“The Capsule”). These poets were chosen not accidentally – they are similar in their poetry by their outlook on the world, which could be called “prometheism”. G. Patackas and V. Gedgaudas reject the classical conception of beauty, they are destroying the standards of the poetry. Poets invoke metaphors of violence and brutality as these phenomena reflect the modern world. The purpose of this master’s work is to try to ascertain why G. Patackas and V. Gedgaudas use variants of violence in their creation, how they do that and what are the meanings of these variants in their poetry. The presented work is based on the literature’s sociology. The fundamental meaning of violence is the exertion of physical force in means of injuring or abusing. Scientists distinguish several kinds of violence, all of which are named as variants in this work. The general kinds of violence are physical and psychological – these variants are found in the selected poems. Variants are represented as metaphors or symbols in the texts. Some authors of political works extended the conception of violence – it involves systems of political, economical and social oppressions, which damage their subject – such type of violence could be called ideological. There is plenty of images of such violence G. Patackas’ poems. The life of the artists of his generation was not easy as the public resistance against the soviet ideology was not a usual thing. Soviet ideology was dominating over art and all spheres of life in general. It revealed itself with standards and norms. Totalitarianism was the power of the Soviet state, it did not tolerate those who thought and lived differently. Totalitarianism gave birth to social violence. There are plenty metaphors of social violence in the poems of both authors. G. Patackas distinguishes himself in poetry for skepticism, irony and destruction of soviet life and its norms. This poet represents revolt against the violence, which is pressed on the artist by the state power. G. Patackas is hiding the mechanism of totalitarianism in his poems, but he does it using mask games, where reality is interlacing with fiction, where facts are changed. All valuable things – life, freedom, religion are desecrated by violence of totalitarianism. G. Patackas uses the Bible figure – Pontius Pilate. The poet recreates the history of Jesus Christ’s life and presents Pontius like metaphor of totalitarianism power and all evil. V. Gedgaudas, who belongs to younger generation, could already represent his ideas directly, because later there was no censorship in creative life anymore. During the last decade of the XX century this poet faced different situation. Literature sociologists say that the broad reading public is never indiscreet as people like different things. In the second part of the last century the public was under the influence of industrialization and commercialization of literature. Poets thought that most people did not understand the modern and original poetry. The new image of a poet was born – the writer was “unappreciated”, he dissociated himself. The sense of misunderstanding arose between the readers and writers. This sense is well reflected in V. Gedgaudas’ poems, where the context of social violence is very clear - the society is becoming a part of the violence mechanism. Both authors choose variants of violence which represent the reality of the modern world. Important are the images of pain, revolt, power and punishment as they are coming from ideological and social violence in the poems. These phenomena are taken into the poetry using modern speech and new ways of creating the text. As the topic of violence in the context of modern poetry has not been analyzed widely, it is interesting and worth attention. |
