| Abstract [eng] |
The master's thesis examines the period of transformation of Christianity in the Roman Empire in the 4th century, focusing on the circumstances of how this shift affected the integration of classical literature into the emerging Christian culture. The study is based on Basil of Caesarea's treatise Ad Adolescentes de Legendis Libris Gentilium, which examines the role of pagan classical texts in Christian education. It is claimed that classical literature, contrary to what was previously explained, in the 4th century. was already perceived as a consistent part of the culture of the Christian community and was not explicitly identified with the pagan identity alone. The work consists of three main parts: an analysis of the functioning of the παιδεία (education system) in the Roman Empire, the changing reception of classical literature during the process of Christianization, and an in-depth analysis of Basil's treatise Ad Adolescentes. The study highlights that παιδεία, although a static concept, was variously adapted outside the Hellenistic cultural milieu, including Romans, Jews and Christians, who integrated it to varying degrees, maintaining their own unique cultural identity. The work further develops Alan Cameron's historiographical position, which denies the existence of serious cultural conflicts (or "culture wars") between Christians and pagans over the meaning of classical literature. Rather than denying it, the symbiosis of the classical heritage and its positive integration into Christian culture is emphasized. This perspective contrasts with earlier views that saw classical literature as a tool of pagan resistance or propaganda. The thesis also criticizes the limited scope of previous research on the Ad Adolescentes, arguing for a holistic approach that takes into account Basil's broader philosophical framework. Interpreting classical literature in the context of Basil's philosophical thought, the work aims to reveal deeper insights into the relationship between pagan and Christian cultures and the nature of Christian moral and intellectual life. It is thus argued that classical literature is valuable to the Christian community, but limited in its epistemological approach. |
