| Abstract [eng] |
This paper attempts to show that Nietzsche's and Jung's search for meaning opens the possibility of a new understanding of political phenomena. Meaning, which is put forward as the ultimate measure of evaluation in Jungian and Nietzschean philosophy and politics appears subordinate to it. The criterion of meaning does not answer the social questions which are supposed to bring material benefit, but the existential questions of the individual, for which the individual must become more conscious and, consequently, less interested in the social knowledge of the world. Jung writes about the "doctrine of the state" and the political ideologies that have become a substitute for answers to existential questions and the goals of the state as a substitute for meaning. Although these may seem incompatible, Jung sees a synergy between them and argues that an over-emphasis on the goals of politics leads to the alienation of the individual from himself. Nyce, on the other hand, speaks of the role of society and morality in the hardening of man, with the aim of improving him. In the process, man is dehumanized - he cannot be improved, but he can be rendered harmless. However, the individual who seeks freedom from the torturers and moralists must not engage in political confrontation, because that would turn his goals into political ones. A man's love of life must direct even the most ambitious man's desires towards what is most meaningful and useful for life itself, and not towards political or social issues. This thesis could be described as a non-political work on politics – the main arguments are rooted in the metaphysics of Jung and Nietzsche and are contrasted with the substance of contemporary politics. Jung and Nietzsche believe that a new politics is possible and necessary, in which the individual himself stands as a counterweight to the state. |
