| Abstract [eng] |
The research on protection of traditional carpentry techniques and wooden heritage was enabled by the crisis of heritage protection in the 7th decade of XX century, when reflexive studies on heritage protection and postmodern ideas helped to disengage from modern cult of monuments. The disillusion with modern praxis of heritage protection was felt even in the practical sphere. The use of chemical materials and industrial products belied the expectancy, so the search for the means of recourse from the modern contraposition of tradition and technology was started. The notion of historical socio-cultural setting was introduced into the discourse of heritage protection, while the concept of heritage was perceived in relation to authenticity in environment, landscape and workmanship. Contemporary conception of heritage protection has already been based on the turn to traditional praxis, which ensured historical continuity. The alternative way – protection of process authenticity, which enabled creative reception of heritage, was presented. One of the main aims of the study was to examine the impulses of postmodern heritage protection, to measure its relation to modern and traditional protection of the relicts in the comparative manner. Historical reconstruction revealed that from the antiquity to the development of modern heritage protection reception of heritage was rather performed in the creative way. Historical discontinuity was conditioned by phenomenon of modernization. Traditional carpentry survived for a longer time in Lithuania, where the tendencies of modernization were late – traditional attitude was vital here till the middle of XX century. Comparative analysis of the development of traditional carpentry techniques and wooden heritage protection in the time and space perspective showed that two ways of recourse are possible, which are mainly determined by the degree of modernization. Living tradition of carpentry and wooden heritage protection is inherent to the “third world” countries, the only exception is the case of Japan. Meanwhile the history of Western world conditioned the disappearance of traditional carpentry techniques in the end of XIX -beginning of the XX centuries, therefore differently from Eastern countries the knowledge of traditional carpentry is revitalized. After the radical changes of XX century, we are constrained to learn from the Western, and especially Scandinavian, examples of heritage protection. Though, while revitalizing the traditional carpentry in Lithuania it is important to consider its local character and to sustain authenticity of tradition. The analysis and synthesis of primal sources – the books on architecture of XVI-XIX centuries, was made in the study, which could serve as a base for further investigations of traditional carpentry techniques and could complement the recommendations on wooden heritage protection. |
