| Abstract [eng] |
Problems of language, history and understanding have been approached in discussion between Gadamer and Habermas, in the context social sciences and tradition. The participants have philosophically analysed problems of particularity and historicity of understanding. Philosophical hermeneutics, as universal theory of human reason, and social critical theory, as a discipline which emancipate society from violence, contra positioned their positions on understanding limits and universality. This contraposition of main concepts of hermeneutical philosophy and social critical theory were highlighted in this research. There is a question of universality of human reason in epicentre of discussion between Gadamer and Habermas. Basis of the discussion consist of contraposition of six categories: three of Gadamer – dialogue, tradition and fusion of horizons and three of Habermas – communicative action, living world and ideal speech situation. 1. Universality of linguistic and historic understanding are the main questions of Gadamer philosophical hermeneutics. This universality is treated as dialectic of dialogue, tradition and fusion of horizon. Gadamer systematically inquired dependence of object and subject to the history and developed possibilities for universal, linguistically mediated, historical understanding. 2. Main question of Habermas epistemology is the question of universality of linguistic and historic principles. This problem is expressed in conceptions of communicative action, living world and ideal speech situation. Habermas tries to renew methods and fundaments of critical theory supported by communicative action, which describes emancipated from violence society. This work answers to these questions: What are the possibilities of universality of human understanding? Is it possible for critical theory to overcome limitedness of positivism without philosophical hermeneutics? Can philosophical hermeneutics defeat claims to universality without a help of critical theory? |
